Pediatric cancer, though relatively rare compared to adult cancers, remains a significant health concern, impacting the lives of many children and their families. Understanding the common types of pediatric cancer is essential for early detection and improved treatment outcomes.
- Leukemia:
Leukemia is the most prevalent type of cancer in children. It accounts for almost 1 out of 3 cancers, however, childhood leukemia still remains relatively rare compared to other cancers. It affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of immature white blood cells. The two primary types of leukemia seen in children are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
- Brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors:
Brain tumors are the second most common type of pediatric cancer. They can develop in various parts of the brain and spinal cord, impacting a child’s cognitive and physical functions. Medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and gliomas are among the types of brain and CNS tumors commonly diagnosed in children.
- Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is a cancer that develops in immature nerve cells. About 6% of childhood cancers are neuroblastomas. This type of cancer develops in infants and young children. It is rare in children older than 10. The tumor can start anywhere, but it usually starts in the belly (abdomen) where it is noticed as swelling. It can also cause other symptoms, like bone pain and fever.
- Wilms tumor
Wilms tumor (also called nephroblastoma) starts in one, or rarely, both kidneys. It is most often found in children about 3 to 4 years old, and is uncommon in older children and adults. Wilms tumor accounts for about 5% of childhood cancers.
- Lymphomas
Lymphomas start in immune system cells called lymphocytes. These cancers most often start in lymph nodes or in other lymph tissues, like the tonsils or thymus. They can also affect the bone marrow and other organs. Symptoms depend on where the cancer starts and can include weight loss, fever, sweats, tiredness (fatigue), and lumps (swollen lymph nodes) under the skin in the neck, armpit, or groin.
The 2 main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma (sometimes called Hodgkin disease) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Both types occur in children and adults.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma starts in cells that normally develop into skeletal muscles. This is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma in children. It makes up about 3% of childhood cancers.
- Retinoblastoma
Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye. It accounts for about 2% of childhood cancers. It usually occurs in children around the age of 2, and is seldom found in children older than 6.
- Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma:
These are types of bone cancers that primarily affect children and adolescents. Osteosarcoma typically develops in the long bones, while Ewing sarcoma can arise in bones or soft tissues.
While pediatric cancer remains a formidable challenge, advancements in research and treatment have significantly improved the outlook for affected children. Timely diagnosis, comprehensive treatment plans, and ongoing support for both the child and their family are crucial in the battle against pediatric cancer. Not only have advancements been made in the treatment of cancer, but also the support services offered to Pediatric Cancer families. CanSER is dedicated to ensuring that no family goes through the cancer journey alone, learn more about our support services here.